Terminalia arjuna: An Ancient Cardioprotective Herb with Modern Clinical Relevance

Abstract

Cardiovascular illnesses continue to be the world's top cause of mortality, hence there is need for safe, reasonably priced, and multi-target treatments. Long used as a cardiotonic in Ayurveda, Terminalia arjuna's rich phytochemistry has been associated to anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, vasodilatory, antioxidant, and inotropic properties. Small clinical trials indicate benefits in angina and heart failure, whereas preclinical research demonstrates beneficial lipid regulation, reduced infarct size, and enhanced cardiac function. But there aren't many large RCTs and different formulations, which limits the evidence. Its translational potential is highlighted by developments in network pharmacology, nano formulation, and AI-based modeling. The establishment of T. arjuna as an integrated cardioprotective phytopharmaceutical requires standardized extracts, molecular insights, and thorough multicentric studies.